Electroporation
Electroporation is the most efficient, non-viral gene delivery method for introducing DNA, RNA, mRNA, RNPs, proteins, and other molecules into a wide variety of cells, especially difficult-to-transfect cells, like primary and stem cells. By using accurately pulsed electric currents to induce transient pores in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane extracellular genetic material can pass through and assimilate the target cells’ DNA. With careful choice of appropriate pulse time, waveform, and voltage, cell membrane disturbance is minimized, target cell viability is enhanced, and reproducible transfection efficiencies are achieved.
Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System
The Gene Pulser Xcell is a flexible, modular electroporation system for transfecting every cell type from primary, suspension, and difficult-to-transfect cells, including T cells, to bacteria and fungi. The electroporation system uses exponential or square-wave pulses to deliver the pulses optimal for your cell type, and it is built upon the main unit. The CE module contains the low-voltage capacitors required for mammalian cells and plant protoplasts. The PC module contains the resistors needed for high-voltage electroporation. For the highest efficiency while maintaining cell viability, use preset protocols for most common cell types and difficult-to-transfect cells or manually adjust parameters as needed for the best optimized conditions for your cell type.
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Gene Pulser Xcell Total System |
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Gene Pulser Xcell Eukaryotic System |
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Gene Pulser Xcell Microbial System |
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| Benefits |
Full capacity to electroporate both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells with either exponential-decay or square-wave pulses to optimize conditions that will provide the best efficiency and viability for different cell types. |
Delivers low-voltage and high capacitance square-wave pulses to sensitive cells with specified pulse durations and pulse numbers into low-resistance media helping to increase efficiency and viability. |
Delivers high-voltage pulses with the ability to control resistance to small volume samples with high resistance, therefore reducing the time constant of an exponential-decay pulse. |
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| Main Unit | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| PC Module | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| CE Module | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Voltage (V) Capacitance (µF) |
10-3,000 V 10-3,275 µF |
10-3,000 V 25-3,275 µF |
200-3,000 V 10, 25, 50 µF |
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| Cell Types | Eukaryotic and prokaryotic | Eukaryotic, including mammalian cells and plant protoplasts | Prokaryotic, including bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms | |||
| Waveform | Exponential-decay and square-wave | Exponential-decay and square-wave | Exponential-decay and square-wave | |||
Bacterial Transformation with the MicroPulser Electroporator
Efficient, Reproducible & Easy
Electroporation is perfect for routine bacterial transformation. The MicroPulser Electroporator enables simple and reproducible transformation of E. coli, yeast, and other microorganisms. Preset programs make it easy to precisely deliver optimal parameters established by Bio-Rad and verified in the literature over the years. Voltage and pulse time also can be set manually, enabling optimization of transformation conditions.
Electroporation Cuvettes
Electroporation Cuvettes
High-quality, sterile electroporation cuvettes provide consistent pulse delivery to your valuable samples, ensuring reproducible results. Cuvettes are available in three different gap widths (0.4, 0.2, and 0.1 cm) for optimal field strength delivery to a wide range of cell types. They are compatible with the Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation Systems, the MicroPulser Electroporator, and other cuvette-based electroporation systems.
| Electroporation Cuvette Selection Guide | |
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| 0.4 cm gap cuvettes |
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| 0.2 cm gap cuvettes |
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| 0.1 cm gap cuvettes |
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Electroporation Cuvette Features
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Guaranteed Efficiency
Electroporation efficiency is maximized with precision cuvettes for your Gene Pulser and MicroPulser electroporators
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Ensured Sterility
Each cuvette is fitted with a snug cap, wrapped, and sterilized by gamma irradiation
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Color-Coded Caps
Colored caps enable easy identification of different cuvette sizes
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Inspected and Tested
Cuvettes are inspected at several points in the manufacturing and tested in actual electroporation experiments to guarantee performance
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Sturdy Construction
Durable polycarbonate is used to withstand pulses of very high voltage
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Smooth Electrode Surface
The aluminum electrode plates are subjected to an 11-step etching and cleaning process for uniform pulse delivery to the entire sample
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Precise Gap Widths
Cuvettes are manufactured to very narrow gap tolerances to ensure reproducibility among experiments
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Easy Identification
Individual color-coded pouches distinguish 3 different cuvette gap widths to ensure proper use
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Thorough Cleanliness
Cuvette cleanliness is maximized by assembly in a clean-room environment and repeated washing in 2 different solvents for contaminant-free electroporation
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Consistent Chamber Shape
Seamless plastic molding eliminates leaking and keeps the aluminum plates parallel for uniform sample treatment and safety
Electroporation Buffer
Electroporation Buffer
Electroporation is the best method for transfecting difficult cell types, and an optimized electroporation buffer formulation can dramatically increase transfection efficiency.
Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer is a universal buffer compatible with most electroporation systems and every experimental parameter for mammalian cells. The buffer is designed to minimize cell death while ensuring highly efficient delivery of nucleic acids.
Transfection Resources
Electroporation Protocols
The Transfection Protocol Online Library contains a series of electroporation protocols for mammalian, plant, and microorganism electroporation obtained from the literature, developed by Bio-Rad scientists, or submitted by scientists like you. The library serves as a starting point to use immediately or to optimize your conditions further. It is especially helpful for difficult-to-transfect cells and for finding the best protocol, with the most optimal conditions, to allow the highest transfection efficiency while maintaining cell viability.
Introduction to Transfection
Explore different transfection methods, workflows, and factors affecting efficiency.
CRISPR Gene Editing
CRISPR enables researchers to edit their desired target genes efficiently and accelerate drug development.
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An Optimized Workflow for Generating Anti-CD19 CAR T Cells by mRNA Electroporation
Optimize your workflows by generating CAR T cells without the use of viral transduction.
