Introduction to Transfection

Overview

en-us LUSONCB9O Transfection Introduction to Transfection /webroot/web/html/lsr/solutions/technologies/transfection /webroot/web/images/lsr/solutions/technologies/gene_expression/transfection/technology_detail/solutions_feature_gxt4_transfection.jpg /webroot/web/images/lsr/solutions/technologies/gene_expression/technology_thumb/cat_gxt4_transfection_icon.jpg <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ if ($.browser.msie && $.browser.version < 8) {$("div.methodboxmiddle ul.rightarrowsearch1").css({"margin-left":"-5px"});} // ]]></script> <p>Transfection generally refers to the introduction of foreign DNA into bacterial and/or mammalian cells. Transfection is an important tool used in studies investigating gene function and the modulation of gene expression, thus contributing to the advancement of basic cellular research, drug discovery, and target validation. This section provides an overview of different transfection methods, transfection workflow, factors affecting transfection efficient, and protocols.</p> <p><strong>Related Topics</strong>: <a href="/evportal/destination/solutions?catID=LUSOPS84">Posttransfection Analysis of Cells</a>, <a href="/evportal/destination/solutions?catID=LUSONV30E">Instrument-Based Transfection Methods</a>, and <a href="/evportal/destination/solutions?catID=LUSOOP49">Chemical and Viral Transfection</a>.</p> Transfection Methods <p>Transfection can be accomplished using chemical, biological, or physical methods. Common methods include electroporation, the use of a virus vector, lipofection, and biolistics. Many types of genetic material, including plasmid DNA, siRNA, proteins, dyes, and antibodies, may be transfected using any of these methods. However, a single method cannot be applied to all types of cells; transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicity may vary dramatically and depend on the method, cell type being utilized, and types of experiments being performed. Therefore, to obtain high efficiencies, all relevant factors should be considered for planning and selecting the appropriate transfection method.</p> <table class="pd_table pd_gridlines txttop" border="0"> <tbody> <tr class="pd_colorbackground"> <td><strong>Method</strong></td> <td><strong>Function</strong></td> <td><strong>Recommended Cells</strong></td> <td><strong>Products</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Electroporation</td> <td>Nucleic acids or other molecules are introduced into cells by creating transient pores in the plasma membrane using an electric pulse</td> <td>Eukaryotic cells (primary, stem cells), prokaryotic cells (bacteria, yeast), plant protoplasts</td> <td><a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=b1a35eb3-d55c-47b3-aaf3-95e4d1d85848">Gene Pulser Xcell™ electroporation system</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=fae0f825-da45-4b02-aa33-73781dda6171">Gene Pulser MXcell™ electroporation system</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=83527990-34fb-4b33-b955-ca53b57bf8b9">MicroPulser™ electroporator</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lipid-mediated</td> <td>Uses lipids to cause a cell to absorb nucleic acids; transfer of genetic material into the cell takes place via liposomes, which are vesicles that can merge with the cell membrane</td> <td>Immortal cells, adherent (attached), or suspension cells</td> <td><a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=680dace0-c2a1-451c-ba7f-d15a2294aa52">TransFectin lipid reagent</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=6860e063-0049-4607-95f9-03cae130b221">SiLentFect lipid reagent</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Biolistic particle delivery</td> <td>Delivery of nucleic acids into cells via high velocity nucleic acid-coated microparticles</td> <td>Plant, primary cells, tissue, and in vivo applications</td> <td><a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=42e9d6be-369a-49f8-8fbb-281a0fea6df8">Helios™ gene gun</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=1730e08d-f43a-46ea-b7f3-7b35c04c36eb">PDS-1000/He™ biolistic particle delivery system</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Viral vector (for example, retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated viruses)</td> <td>Uses viral vectors to deliver nucleic acids into cells</td> <td>Attached adherent cells, stem cells, primary cells</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Transfection Efficiency <p>Successful transfection is usually measured in terms of transfection efficiency and cell viability — the higher the efficiency and viability, the better the transfection. Several important factors, such as the DNA quantity and quality, cell type, cell health, and transfection method (as stated above) affect transfection results. Transfection efficiency, for example, varies greatly with the cell type and its physiological condition prior to transfection. Ideally, the cells should be actively growing, healthy, and free of contamination.</p> <p>Another way to present factors impacting transfection results is to consider the entire transfection workflow and the series of key sub-experiments it comprises. Each sub-experiment can significantly affect efficiency and viability. The typical workflow for a transfection experiment is as follows:</p> <p><img src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/solutions/technologies/gene_expression/transfection/technology_detail/gxt4_img1.gif" alt="Transfection Workflow" width="580" height="338" /></p> <p class="caption"><strong>Typical workflow for a transfection experiment.</strong></p> <p>The following table summarizes the factors to consider for efficient transfection:</p> <table class="pd_table pd_gridlines" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td>Cell Health</td> <td> <p>Cells should be grown in medium appropriate for the cell line, supplemented with serum or growth factors as needed for viability</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Contaminated cells and media (e.g., contaminated with yeast or Mycoplasma) should never be used for transfection</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Make sure the medium is fresh if any components are chemically unstable, e.g., thiamine</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Medium lacking necessary factors, such as serum, can negatively affect cell growth</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Incubate cells at 37°C supplied with CO<sub>2</sub> at the correct percentage (5–10%) and kept at 100% relative humidity</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Confluency</td> <td> <p>Transfect cells at 40–80% confluency (cell type dependent)</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Too few cells will cause cell cultures to grow poorly without cell-to-cell contact</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Too many cells results in contact inhibition, making cells resistant to the uptake of DNA and other macromolecules</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Actively dividing cells take up DNA better than quiescent cells</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Passages of DNA</td> <td> <p>Number of Passages (cell type dependent)</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Number of passages should be low (<50)</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Number of passages for cells used in a variety of experiments should be consistent</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Cell characteristics can change over time with immortalized cell lines and cells may not respond to the same transfection conditions.</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Cells may not respond to the same transfection conditions after repeated passages</li> </ul> <p>DNA Quality and Quantity</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Use high-quality plasmid DNA for transfections that is free of proteins, RNA, and chemicals</li> <li style="border: 0px;">DNA is typically suspended in sterile water or TE buffer to a final concentration of 0.2–1 mg/ml</li> <li style="border: 0px;">The optimal amount of DNA to use in the transfection will vary widely and depend on the type of DNA, transfection reagent/method, target cell line, and number of cells</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Time/Serum</td> <td> <p>Time</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Optimal transfection time depends on the cell line, transfection method, and molecule transfected</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Transfection times vary from 30 min to 4 hr (or may require overnight incubation based on the reagent used); some reagents do not require either media changes or additions</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Cell morphology is monitored during the transfection interval because some cell lines lose viability during this period, e.g., cells maintained in serum-free medium</li> <li style="border: 0px;">In addition to saving time, a shortened transfection time may significantly reduce the risk of cell death during the transfection procedure</li> </ul> <p>Serum</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Transfection protocols often require serum-free conditions for optimal performance because serum can interfere with many commercially available transfection reagents</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Transfection Protocol Library <p> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ // popupwin function popIt(url,w,h,r){ var mydate = new Date(); wname=''+mydate.getMonth()+mydate.getDate()+mydate.getHours()+mydate.getMinutes()+mydate.getSeconds(); if (w && h && r) { popwin = window.open(url,"popwin"+wname,"height="+h+",width="+w+",status=1,scrollbars=1,location=1,menubar=1,resizable"); } else { popwin = window.open(url,"popwin"+wname,"height="+h+",width="+w+",status=1,scrollbars=1,location=0,resizable"); } } // ]]></script> </p> <p>The transfection protocol online library contains protocols obtained from the literature, developed by Bio-Rad scientists, or submitted by scientists like you. <a onclick="popIt('http://www.bio-rad.com/genetransferprotocols',1300,700);return false" href="#" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Browse protocols</a> to view our library and find your starting point or submit a protocol by clicking the proper technology.</p> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Further Reading <p><strong></strong>Belyansteva IA (2009). Helios Gene Gun-mediated transfection of the inner ear sensory epithelium. Methods Mol Biol 493, 103–123. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18839344" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18839344</a></p> <p>Fujiki R et al. (2009). GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. Nature 459, 455–459. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377461" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">19377461</a></p> <p>Helledie T et al. (2008). A simple and reliable electroporation method for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 17, 837–848. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752428" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18752428</a></p> <p>Hockemeyer D et al. (2009). Efficient targeting of expressed and silent genes in human ESCs and iPSCs using zinc-finger nucleases. Nat Biotechnol  27, 851–857. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19680244" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">19680244</a></p> <p>Huang B et al. (2008). RNA interference-mediated in vivo silencing of fas ligand as a strategy for the enhancement of DNA vaccine potency. Hum Gene Ther 19, 763–773. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627219" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18627219</a></p> <p>Shimamura K et al. (2007). Generation of secondary small interfering RNA in cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous RNA silencing in tobacco. Plant Mol Biol  63, 803–813. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17225952" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">17225952</a></p> <p>Su L et al. (2009). Neural stem cell differentiation is mediated by integrin beta4 in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41, 916–924. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18834954" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18834954</a></p> <p>Tseng CN et al. (2013). A method to identify RNA A-to-I editing targets using I-specific cleavage and exon array analysis. Mol Cell Probes 7, 38–45. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960667" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">22960667</a></p> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Selection Guides <table id="carttablealigned" class="literature_table" style="height: auto; width: 583px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100">6176</td> <td width="350">Electroporation Systems Overview</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6176.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100">6177</td> <td width="350">Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6177.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100">6178</td> <td width="350">Recommended Biolistic System by Cell Types</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6178.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100">6179</td> <td width="350">Lipid Transfection Reagents Selection Guide</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6179.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Primary Cell Culture" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1026/the-preparation-of-primary-hematopoietic-cell-cultures-from-murine-bone-marrow-for-electroporation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/ov_primary_cell_culture.jpg" alt="Primary Cell Culture" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Primary Cell Culture" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1026/the-preparation-of-primary-hematopoietic-cell-cultures-from-murine-bone-marrow-for-electroporation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation</a><br />This video protocol describes the preparation of primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow for electroporation.</div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Cell Counting and Transfection" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1904/using-an-automated-cell-counter-to-simplify-gene-expression-studies-sirna-knockdown-of-il-4-dependent-gene-expression-in-namalwa-cells" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/ov_cell_counting_transfection.jpg" alt="Cell Counting and Transfection" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Cell Counting and Transfection" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1904/using-an-automated-cell-counter-to-simplify-gene-expression-studies-sirna-knockdown-of-il-4-dependent-gene-expression-in-namalwa-cells" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells</a></div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Gene Pulser MXcell" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1662/using-the-gene-pulser-mxcell-electroporation-system-to-transfect-primary-cells-with-high-efficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/ov_gene_pulser_mxcell.jpg" alt="Gene Pulser MXcell" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Gene Pulser MXcell" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1662/using-the-gene-pulser-mxcell-electroporation-system-to-transfect-primary-cells-with-high-efficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System to Transfect Primary Cells with High Efficiency</a></div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Helios Gene Gun" href="http://www.jove.com/Details.stp?ID=675" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/helios_gene_gun.jpg" alt="Helios Gene Gun" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Helios Gene Gun" href="http://www.jove.com/Details.stp?ID=675" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preparation of Gene Gun Bullets and Biolistic Transfection of Neurons in Slice Culture</a></div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap vwrap_last"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System: Components, Application, and Troubleshooting" onclick="window.open('/webroot/web/movies/lsr/support/Gene_Pulser_Xcell.htm', 'StatusBar', 'toolbar=no, resizable=no, scrollbars=no, width=810, height=575');" href="javascript:void(0);"><img style="border: none;" src="https://www.bio-rad.com/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/xcell_tn.png" alt="" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System: Components, Application, and Troubleshooting" onclick="window.open('/webroot/web/movies/lsr/support/Gene_Pulser_Xcell.htm', 'StatusBar', 'toolbar=no, resizable=no, scrollbars=no, width=810, height=575');" href="javascript:void(0);">Gene Pulser Xcell™ Electroporation System: Components, Application, and Troubleshooting</a><br /> This tutorial highlights the main components and features of the Gene Pulser Xcell system. It provides information about system installation and the setup of electroporation experiments, including important troubleshooting tips and answers to frequently asked questions. Ordering information for system components and accessories is also provided.</div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> 5448 MicroPulser Electroporator Flier, Rev A 5448 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5448.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No MicroPulser Electroporator Flier, Rev A 5448 165-2082, 165-2091, 1652081, 1652083, 1652092, ark, cuvettes, escherichia coli, fungi, schizosaccharomyces pombe, staphylococcus aureus, 165-2092, cuvette, e, electroporate, genepulser, microorganism, 165-2083, 1652082, 1652093, a, agrobacterium tumefaciens, d, microorganisms, transform, yeast, charge, electroporation, electropotators, LIT5448, micro pulser, pichia pastons, saccharomyces ceneisiae, transfection, transformation, 165-2089, 1652086, 1652088, chamber, p, s, 1652091, arc-quenching, arq, transfect, 165-2081, 165-2086, 165-2093, 1652089, bacteria, dictyostelium discoideum, micropulse, pulses, 165-2088, are quenching, field strength, gene transfer, programmable, pulse 5542 5542 Electroporation Systems Brochure, Rev A H /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5542.pdf Literature PDF Brochures and Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Electroporation Systems Brochure, Rev A Life Science 5542 165-2092, 165-2660, 165-2662, cell, cuvette, gene-pulser, genepulser, mammalian, shockpod, 165-2666, 1652091, 1652661, acids, arc-quenching, arq, electroporating, eukaryotic, fungal, micropulser, prokaryotic, transfect, 165-2082, 165-2091, 1652081, 1652083, 1652092, 1652100, 1652667, 1652669, arc quenching, ark, cuvet, cuvettes, Escherichia coli, eucaryotic, fungi, micro-pulse, shock-pod, 165-2081, 165-2086, 165-2093, 165-2661, 1652089, bacteria, cells, e., e.coli, electroporator, micropulse, pulsetrac, yeasts, 165-2083, 165-2100, 1652082, 1652093, 1652668, bacterial, dna, Gene-pulser xcell, pulse trac, rna, transform, yeast, 165-2089, 165-2667, 165-2669, 1652086, 1652088, 1652666, electroporators, fungus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, transfirmation, 165-2088, 165-2668, electroporaters, eucaryotes, eukaryotes, excel, gene transfer, prokaryotes, 1652660, 1652662, cuvets, electroporater, LIT5542, micro pulser, nucleic acid, track, transfection, transformation 5582 Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer Product Information Sheet, Rev A 5582 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5582.pdf Literature PDF Product_Information_Sheets /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer Product Information Sheet, Rev A 5582 difficult-to-transfect, protocols, mammalian call line, primary cells, sirna transfection, 165-2676, waveform independence, 165-2677, difficult to transfect, electroporate, 1652676 1652677, cell viability, plasmid dna, protocol optimization, LIT5582, rnai, transfecting buffers, universal reagent, nucleic acid delivery 5399 5399 Gene Pulser siRNA Electroporation References, Rev A /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5399.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Gene Pulser siRNA Electroporation References, Rev A Life Science 5399 gene silencing, citations, published citation, xcell system, cultured cell, LIT5399, reference, transformation, cells, silencing rna, excel, gene transfer 5445 Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System Flier, Rev A 5445 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5445.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System Flier, Rev A 5445 165-2661, bacteria, cells, electroporator, exponential-decay, pulsetrac, 165-2667, 165-2669, 1652666, electroporators, 1652668, bacterial, dna, exponential decay, high voltage, high-voltage, prokaryote, pulse track, rna, 1652660, 1652662, LIT5445, nucleic acid, square wave, square-wave, transfection, 1652667, 1652669, fungi, mammalian cell, plants, shock-pod, 165-2660, 165-2662, eukaryote, genepulser, microbial, modular, shockpod, 165-2666, 1652661, acids, electro-poration, eukaryotic, fungal, plant, prokaryotic, transfect, 165-2668, eukaryotes, excel, prokaryotes, sirna 5598 Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Flier, Rev B 5598 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5598B.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Flier, Rev B 5598 165-2674, 165-2676, 1652676, protocols, 165-2673, primary cells, trans fection, 1652673, delivery, transfection efficiency, buffer, instrument specifications, trans-fection, 165-2670, 1652670, cell, protocol, ShockPod cuvette chamber, optimization, optimize, 1652674 1908 Electroporation Cuvette Flier, Rev B 1908 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_1908.pdf Literature PDF Product_Information_Sheets /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Electroporation Cuvette Flier, Rev B 1908 bulletin 1908, lit1908, bulletin 1908, transfection, trans-fection, genepulser, gene pulser, electroporation, electroporator, 165-2660, 165-2662, condition, protocol, shockpod, 1652661, efficiency, protocols, 1652081, 1652082, 1652083, 1652086, 1652088, 1652089, 1652091, 1652092, 1652093, 165-2661, pulsetrac, pulse trac, shock pod, 1652660, 1652662, 165-2660J1, 165-2661J1, 165-2662J1, 165-2666, 165-2666J1, 165-2667, 1652660J1, 1652661J1, 1652662J1, 1652666, 1652666J1, 1652667, 170-2503, 170-2503EDU, 170-2504, 170-2505, 1702503, 1702503EDU, 1702504, 1702505 5553 Gene Modulation Workflow Brochure, Rev B 5553 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5553B.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Gene Modulation Workflow Brochure, Rev B 5553 165-4000, 165-8000, 1652100, 170-8170, 1703940, 7007001, 732-6100, amplification, biolistics, CFD-3121, expression, GenePulser X-cell, multiplexing, PDS 1000-He, QuantumPrep, RT-PCR, sequencing, 1632086, 1632130, 1652431, 170-3351, 1709780, 1749950, 7326100, 7326343, BioOdyssey Calligrapher miniarrayer, CFB3120, interaction, Mini-PROTEAN Tetra cell, multi-color, PDS1000/He, PROTEAN IEF, quantification, quantitation, Ready Prep 2D, ReadyPrep 2-D cleanup kit, silent-mer dicer-substrate, silentfect RNAi, 165-3860, 165-3863, 1653861, 1653862, 1658000, 170-3940, 1703930, 1708170, 171-000201, 171-000205, 174-9950, 700-7000, 7007002, 732-6800, aqua-pure, blot, Gene Pulser Xcell total system, iso-electric, lipid mediated, microarray analysis, microarrays, mini-arrayer, multiplex suspension array technology, nucleic acid purification, reverse transcription, reverse-transcription, silent-fect, transfect, 165-2431, 165-2660, 170-3930, 1703360, Aqua, arrayer, CFD3121, electroporate, Gel-doc, Helios gun, iQ5 multicolor real-time PCR detection, MiniProtean, multi-plex, ProteOn XPR36, Quantum, real time polymerase chain reaction, sequigen, trans, Zeta-Probe membranes, 165-2257, 1652088, 1652257, 1652432, 169-2000, 1692000, 1692100, 170-9780, 1703351, 1708171, 1709300, 171000205, 1760100, 732-6340, Aurum, blotter, chemical transformation, cyclers, lipid-mediated, LIT5553, Molecular Imager Gel Doc XR, Quantum-prep plasmid miniprep, ribo-nucleic, sequi-gen GT, 1000 He, 163-2130, 165-2088, 165-3862, 1653863, 169-2300, 7326800, arrays, bioplex, blotting, CFB-3120, phenotype, Prote-on XPR-36, silentmer validated dicer substrate siRNA duplexes, thermal cycler, 1645050, 165-2100, 165-2432, 169-2100, 169-2200, 170-8171, 170-9300, 171000201, 7007000, 732-6343, Bio-Plex 200, biolistic particle delivery, deoxy-ribo, deoxyribonucleic, DNA transfer, Experion automated electrophoresis, geldoc, image, isoelectric focusing, mini-opticon, MiniOpticon, PDS-1000/He, protein profiling, RNA, TransBlot-SD, transform, Zeta Probe membrane, 163-2086, 164-5050, 165-3861, 1652660, 1653860, 1654000, 1692200, 1692300, 170-3360, 176-0100, 700-7001, 700-7002, 7326340, Aquapure genomic, electroporation, Micro-pulser cuvettes, Micropulser electroporator, mini-prep, multiplexed, PROTEON, Ready-Prep 2 D, ribonucleic, Trans-blot SD semi-dry, trans-fectin, Transfectin, transfection, XPR 36 5554 Gene Silencing | RNAi Workflow Brochure, Rev B 5554 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5554.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Gene Silencing | RNAi Workflow Brochure, Rev B 5554 1610449, 171-000201, 174-9974, 174-9975, 7007102, 732-6800, Aqua-pure, automated electrophoresis, blot, iso-electric, microarrays, microinjection, micropulser, mRNA quantification, multiplex suspension array technology, reverse transcription, reverse-transcription, RNA interference, silent-mer predesigned, small inhibitory RNAs, transfect, 1000, 161-0737, 163-2105, 1632130, 1652431, 1709780, 174-9970, 1749950, 700-7106, 7326370, BioOdyssey Calligrapher miniarrayer, micro-array, Mini-PROTEAN Tetra cell, multi-color, plasmid, ReadyPrep 2-D cleanup, ribonucleic acid, silentfect reagent, 165-4000, 1703350, 174-9960, 1749975, 1749977, 732-6370, 74-9950, amplification, Bio-Odyssey mini-arrayer, Laemmli buffer, multi-plexed, multi-plexing, multiplexing, PDS-1000 He, RT-PCR, spotting, transfected, vector-mediated, 165-2432, 170-3350, 171000201, 174-9961, 1749974, 1749976, 700-7102, 732-6890, Bio-Plex 200, biolistic particle delivery, Experion, Gene-Pulser Xcell total system, isoelectric focusing, micro-injection, micro-pulser, PDS-1000/He, Pure-Zol, validated siRNAs, 1610737, 165-2257, 1652088, 1652257, 1652432, 169-2000, 1692000, 170-9780, 174-9971, 1749971, blotter, cyclers, delivery optimization kit, IEF, qPCR, RT-qPCR, shRNA, 161-0449, 165-2431, 165-2660, 1703360, 1749961, 1749973, 7007106, aqua pure, arrayer, Bio Plex, chemically-mediated, genomics, Helios gun, iQ5 multicolor detection, Mini PROTEAN, multi-plex, nucleic, proteomics, Ready Prep 2 D, Real time polymerase chain reaction, Zol, 163-2130, 165-2088, 174-9972, 174-9977, 1749960, 1749970, 1749972, 7326800, 7326890, Aquapure isolation, arrays, BioPlex, chemically mediated, lipid transfection, LIT5554, PDS 1000/He, PureZol reagent, shRNAs, silentmer dicer-substrate siRNA duplexes, thermal cycler, 161-0490, 1610490, 1632105, 1652660, 1654000, 170-3360, 174-9973, 174-9976, 700-7104, 7007104, Aurum 96, electroporation, GenePulser cuvettes, microarray, multiplexed, Protein expression analysis, PROTEON, ready-prep 2D, real-time PCR, short hairpin RNAs, specific inhibition, thermal-cyclers, transfectin, western blotting 5924 Stem Cell Basics for Life Science Researchers Brochure, Rev A 5924 H /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5924A.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/icon_pdf.gif No Stem Cell Basics for Life Science Researchers Brochure, Rev A 5924 Bulletin 5924, embryonic differentiation, embryo, isolated pluripotent sc, development, multipotent, unipotent, terminally differentiated, blastocyst, mass of inner cells, ICM, es, history, hes, mes, human, mouse, lines, adult, somatic, imprinting, chimeric, programming, reprogramming, ips, isolation and maintenance, growth factors, media, medium, tissue culture, fibroblast, fibroblasts, feeder layer, hematopoietic, induced, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, transfection, knock down, RNAi, viral-mediated delivery, lipid-mediated, electroporation, biolistic particle, retrovirus, genomic analysis, proteomic, expression, phenotype, karotyping, SNPs, SNP, PCR, microarray, profiling, profile, qPCR, array, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, western blotting, Bio-Plex suspension array system, sso7d fusion protein technology, 170-8891, 170-8893, 170-8895, 170-8899, 172-5203, 170-8885, 172-5213, 172-5103, 172-5853, 172-5233, 170-8864, 172-5849, 172-5253, 172-5243, 172-5108, 172-5857, 165-2661, 165-2670, 165-2674, 165-2677, 165-2681, 165-2081, 165-2082, 165-2086, 165-2088, 165-2091, 165-2092, 170-8201, 170-8351, 170-8202, 170-8352, 170-8206, 170-8353, 170-8203, 170-8354, 170-8204, 170-8205, 170-8200, 1708891, 1708893, 1708895, 1708899, 1725203, 1708885, 1725213, 1725103, 1725853, 1725233, 1708864, 1725849, 1725253, 1725243, 1725108, 1725857, 1652661, 1652670, 1652674, 1652677, 1652681, 1652081, 1652082, 1652086, 1652088, 1652091, 1652092, 1708201, 1708351, 1708202, 1708352, 1708206, 1708353, 1708203, 1708354, 1708204, 1708205, 1708200 1349 Electroporation of T-Cell and Macrophage Cell Lines 1349 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_1349.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Electroporation of T-Cell and Macrophage Cell Lines 1349 lit1349, bulletin 1349, t-cell, macrophage, electroporation, gene pulser, gene transfer, dna transfer, 165-2660, 165-2661, 165-2662, 165-2666, 165-2667, 165-2668, 165-2669, 1652660, 1652661, 1652662, 1652666, 1652667, 1652668, 1652669, transfection, trans-fection, transformation, genepulser, electroporator, condition, protocol, shockpod, efficiency, protocols, 1652081, 1652082, 1652083, 1652086, 1652088, 1652089, 1652091, 1652092, 1652093, pulsetrac, pulse trac, shock pod, 165-2660J1, 165-2661J1, 165-2662J1, 165-2666J1, 1652660J1, 1652661J1, 1652662J1, 1652666J1, 170-2503, 170-2503EDU, 170-2504, 170-2505, 1702503, 1702503EDU, 1702504, 1702505 1365 Introducing Proteins Into Cells by Electroporation 1365 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_1365.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Introducing Proteins Into Cells by Electroporation 1365 lit1365, bulletin 1365, protein, transfer, cell, cellular, intracellular, electroporation, 165-2660, 165-2661, 165-2662, 165-2666, 165-2667, 165-2668, 165-2669, 1652660, 1652661, 1652662, 1652666, 1652667, 1652668, 1652669, transfection, trans-fection, transformation, genepulser, gene pulser, electroporator, condition, protocol, shockpod, efficiency, protocols, 1652081, 1652082, 1652083, 1652086, 1652088, 1652089, 1652091, 1652092, 1652093, pulsetrac, pulse trac, shock pod, 165-2660J1, 165-2661J1, 165-2662J1, 165-2666J1, 1652660J1, 1652661J1, 1652662J1, 1652666J1, 170-2503, 170-2503EDU, 170-2504, 170-2505, 1702503, 1702503EDU, 1702504, 1702505 1345 Electroporation of Primary Bone Marrow Cells 1345 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_1345.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Electroporation of Primary Bone Marrow Cells 1345 lit1345, bulletin 1345, bone, marrow, gene pulser, gene transfer, electroporation, 165-2660, 165-2661, 165-2662, 165-2666, 165-2667, 165-2668, 165-2669, 1652660, 1652661, 1652662, 1652666, 1652667, 1652668, 1652669, transfection, trans-fection, transformation, genepulser, electroporator, condition, protocol, shockpod, efficiency, protocols, 1652081, 1652082, 1652083, 1652086, 1652088, 1652089, 1652091, 1652092, 1652093, pulsetrac, pulse trac, shock pod, 165-2660J1, 165-2661J1, 165-2662J1, 165-2666J1, 1652660J1, 1652661J1, 1652662J1, 1652666J1, 170-2503, 170-2503EDU, 170-2504, 170-2505, 1702503, 1702503EDU, 1702504, 1702505 1355 Production of Hybridomas by Electrofusion 1355 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_1355.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Production of Hybridomas by Electrofusion 1355 lit1355, bulletin 1355, cell fusion, hybridoma, gene pulser, antigen, antibody, electrofusion, 165-2660, 165-2661, 165-2662, 165-2666, 165-2667, 165-2668, 165-2669, 1652660, 1652661, 1652662, 1652666, 1652667, 1652668, 1652669, transfection, trans-fection, transformation, genepulser, electroporation, electroporator, condition, protocol, shockpod, efficiency, protocols, 1652081, 1652082, 1652083, 1652086, 1652088, 1652089, 1652091, 1652092, 1652093, pulsetrac, pulse trac, shock pod, 165-2660J1, 165-2661J1, 165-2662J1, 165-2666J1, 1652660J1, 1652661J1, 1652662J1, 1652666J1, 170-2503, 170-2503EDU, 170-2504, 170-2505, 1702503, 1702503EDU, 1702504, 1702505 1345 1349 5542 5858 The Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Provides Reproducible Results in Electroporation Plates and Cuvettes With the Same Protocol, Rev A 5858 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5858.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No The Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Provides Reproducible Results in Electroporation Plates and Cuvettes With the Same Protocol, Rev A 5858 multiwell plate, waveforms, cho, chinese hamster ovary cells, conditions, cos-7, gene expression, viability, gfp, LIT5858, transfection efficiency, cell viability, condition, protocol, shockpod cuvette chamber, plates, protocols, waveform, exponential-decay pulse, square-wave 5641 The Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Delivers Consistent Results Required for Optimizing Delivery Protocols, Rev A 5641 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5641.pdf Literature PDF Protocols /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No The Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Delivers Consistent Results Required for Optimizing Delivery Protocols, Rev A 5641 gene silencing, LIT5641, luciferase activity, CHO, Bulletin 5641, 5641, HeLa cells, plasmid delivery, 5F2C, siRNA transfection 5603 Optimization of Electroporation Using Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer and the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5603 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5603.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Optimization of Electroporation Using Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer and the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5603 silentMER (174-9974, luciferase expression plasmid, optimization studies, Exogenous nucleic acids, exponential-decay, HPF cells, LIT5603, 174-9975, siRNA, 174-9961), transfer, human primary fibroblasts, square-wave, transfection 5622 Optimization of Electroporation Conditions With the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5622 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5622.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Optimization of Electroporation Conditions With the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5622 plasmid DNA, square waveform, LIT5622, Well set, transfection efficiency, difficult-to-transfect, primary, exponential, optimization protocol, siRNAs, interelectrode distance, square-wave 5686 Optimization of Electroporation Conditions for Jurkat Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5686 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5686.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Optimization of Electroporation Conditions for Jurkat Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5686 5686, knockdown, Bulletin 5686, silencing, transfer, siLentMer, siRNA, plasmid DNA, luciferase activity assay, gene delivery, LIT5686, transfection 5687 Transfection of Mammalian Cells Using Preset Protocols on the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5687 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5687.pdf Literature PDF Protocols /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Transfection of Mammalian Cells Using Preset Protocols on the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5687 short, trans-fection, efficiency, LIT5687, cho-k1, chok1, delivery, hela, sirna, expression, pcmviluc, plasmids, trans fection, condition, small interfering rna, cho, cell line, conditions, optimization, optimize, plasmid, viability 5720 Transfection of Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5720 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5720.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Transfection of Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5720 delivery, LIT5720, siRNA, conditions, optimization, optimize, efficiencies, IMR-32, plasmid DNA, short, trans-fection, SK_N_SH, Cancer, pCMViLuc, plasmids, trans fection, efficiency, pCMVi-Luc, silencing, condition, gene expression analysis, small interfering RNA, neural cells 5704 Electroporation Conditions for Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5704 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5704.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Electroporation Conditions for Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5704 efficiency, cell line, optimization, optimize, cho, cho-k1, chok1, LIT5704, trans-fection, expression, trans fection, transfection 5733 Transfection of Chinese Hamster Ovary-Derived DG44 Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5733 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5733.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Transfection of Chinese Hamster Ovary-Derived DG44 Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5733 cell line, conditions, optimization, optimize, efficiency, pcmvi-luc, efficiencies, plasmid dna, short, trans-fection, delivery, sirna, cho, LIT5733, condition, small interfering rna, pcmviluc, plasmids, trans fection 5774 Delivery of siRNA by Electroporation Into Primary Human Neutrophils Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev A 5774 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5774.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Delivery of siRNA by Electroporation Into Primary Human Neutrophils Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev A 5774 trans-fection, cell, cells, conditions, Fura-2 AM, inflammatory neutrophil activation, optimization, optimize, short interfering RNA, efficiency, flux, fMLP, RNAi, indicator, intracellular calcium concentration, trans fection, condition, LIT5774, mammalian, small, fluxes, transfection 5778 Electroporation Parameters for Transfection of HL-60 Leukocytic Cell Line With siRNA Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev B 5778 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5778B.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Electroporation Parameters for Transfection of HL-60 Leukocytic Cell Line With siRNA Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev B 5778 inflammation, condition, inflammatory leukemic, leukocyte, LIT5778, primary cells, trans fection, trans-fection, RNAi, efficiency, neutrophil activation, RNA interference, conditions, leukocytes, optimization, optimize, short interfering RNA, mammalian, neutrophils, small 5823 Electroporation of Primary Murine Mast Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5823 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5823A.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Electroporation of Primary Murine Mast Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5823 trans fection, conditions, green fluorescent protein, optimization, optimize, delivery, flow cytometry, transfection efficiency, cell viability, plasmid DNA, trans-fection, condition, protocol, reporter gene, protocols, transfect, GFP expression 5842 Optimization of Electroporation Conditions for Two Different Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev B 5842 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5842.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Optimization of Electroporation Conditions for Two Different Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev B 5842 ramos, protocols, luciferase activity, namalwa cells, ldh level, protocol, exponential-decay condition, gene expression, viability, gfp, LIT5842, transfection efficiency, square-wave 5684 0108 5860 Analysis of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells by siRNA Transfection: An Example of Pathway Analysis Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5860 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5860A.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Analysis of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells by siRNA Transfection: An Example of Pathway Analysis Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A 5860 condition, ldh level, LIT5860, small, burkitt lymphoma cell line, knock down, trans-fection, burkitt’s, rnai, gapdh knockdown, tarc/ccl17, conditions, optimize, short interfering rna, stat6, primary cells, trans fection, ccl17 5904 Transfection of Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Electroporation Using the Gene Pulser Mxcell™ System, Rev A 5904 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5904.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/icon_pdf.gif Transfection of Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Electroporation Using the Gene Pulser Mxcell™ System No Transfection of Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Electroporation Using the Gene Pulser Mxcell™ System, Rev A 5904 transfection, trans-fection, genepulser, gene pulser, electroporation, electroporator, antibiotic resistance, buffer, dna delivery, expression, gene pulser ii, gene targeting, geneticin resistant, h9 es, mef, mouse, optimize, optimization, parameters, primary, trans-fection, trans fection, 165-2668, 1652668 2497 5443 Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems Brochure, Rev A 5443 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5443.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems Brochure, Rev A 5443 165-2421, 165-2422, 1652422, cell-culture, chloroplasts, genes, Hepta adaptor, LIT5443, micro-carrier, micro-carriers, microparticle, plant, transfect, transfer, 165-2225, 165-2257, 165-2326, 165-2335, 1652225, 1652257, 1652278, 1652335, 1652432, bombardment, co-delivery, embryos, microcarrier, 1000/He, 165-2278, 1652326, 1652424, 1652431, bacteria, Helios Gene Gun System, mitochondrial, plasmid, transfecting, 165-2259, 165-2262, 165-2411, 165-2413, 165-2432, 1652413, bacterial, cotransformation, deoxyribonucleic, DNA, micro-particle, mitochondrion, PDS-1000/He, RNA, transform, yeast, 165-2258, 165-2336, 165-2412, 1652258, 1652336, cell culture, goldcoat, in vivo transformation, microcarriers, plasmids, 165-2431, 1652411, 1652418, acid-coated, bombard, chloroplast, micro-particles, rupture disks, 1652259, 1652421, co-transformation, codelivery, embryo, mitochondria, nucleic acid coated, ribonucleic, transfection, 165-2418, 165-2424, 1652262, 1652412, acceleration, animal, Heleos, helium pulse, microparticles, PDS 1000 He, pollen, trypsinized 5447 Biolistic PDS-1000/He System Flier, Rev A 5447 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5447.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Biolistic PDS-1000/He System Flier, Rev A 5447 165-2225, 165-2257, 1652225, 1652257, acid, embryos, fungus, gold microparticle, particle bombardment, targets, chloroplasts, coridia, tissue culture, 165-2258, 1652258, biolistics, expression, fungi, bacteria, bio-listics, LIT5447, yeasts, algae, aspergillus nidulans, micro-particles, oganelles, shocking chamber, target, transforms, 165-2259, dna, helium, rna, yeast, 1652259, he, mitochondria, nucleic acid, pds1000, pds1000-he, transformation, fish embryo, gene transfer, microparticles, oganelle, pollen, tissues 5446 Helios Gene Gun System Flier, Rev A 5446 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5446.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Helios Gene Gun System Flier, Rev A 5446 165-2431, 1652418, cartridge, geneshot, shot, target, 165-2421, 165-2422, 1652422, acids, barrel, LIT5446, micro-carrier, micro-carriers, plant cell culture, 1652424, 1652431, bacteria, bullet, cytomegalovirus, galactosidase, plasmid, projectiles, promoter, yeasts, 165-2413, 165-2432, 1652413, beta, biolistic, bullets, cmv, dna, microbe, rna, yeast, 165-2412, biolistics, expression, microcarriers, plants, plasmids, 165-2420, 1652421, cartridges, microparicles, nucleic acid, 1652432, beta-galacosidase, genome, gold microparticle, lacz, luciferase, microbes, microcarrier, projectile, targets, tissue, 165-2418, 165-2424, 1652412, 1652420, eukaryotes, gene transfer, helium pulse, luc, prokaryotes 2051 Transformation of Filamentous Fungi by Microprojectile Bombardment 2051 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2051.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Transformation of Filamentous Fungi by Microprojectile Bombardment 2051 bulletin 2051, lit2051, transfection, trans-fection, microprojectile, mircoparticle, gold, tungsten, biolistic particle delivery, bombard, bombardment, transfection, trans-fection, protocol, helios, gene gun, pds-1000, pds-1000/he, fungi, fungus 2015 Sub-Micron Gold Particles Are Superior to Larger Particles for Efficient Biolistic Transformation of Organelles and Some Cell Types 2015 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2015.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Sub-Micron Gold Particles Are Superior to Larger Particles for Efficient Biolistic Transformation of Organelles and Some Cell Types 2015 bulletin 2015, lit2015, transfection, trans-fection, microprojectile, mircoparticle, gold, tungsten, biolistic particle delivery, bombard, bombardment, transfection, trans-fection, protocol, helios, gene gun, pds-1000, pds-1000/he 2007 Bombardment-Mediated Transformation Methods for Barley 2007 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2007.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Bombardment-Mediated Transformation Methods for Barley 2007 lit2007, bulletin 2007, transfection, trans-fection, microprojectile, mircoparticle, gold, tungsten, biolistic particle delivery, bombard, bombardment, transfection, trans-fection, protocol, helios, gene gun, pds-1000, pds-1000/he 2087 Biolistic Transfection of Organotypic Brain Slices and Dissociated Cells 2087 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2087.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Biolistic Transfection of Organotypic Brain Slices and Dissociated Cells 2087 bulletin 2087, lit2087, transfection, trans-fection, microprojectile, mircoparticle, gold, tungsten, biolistic particle delivery, bombard, bombardment, transfection, trans-fection, protocol, helios, gene gun, pds-1000, pds-1000/he, brain, 1652258, 1652257, 165-2258, 165-2257 2658 2658 Single-Cell Complementation of Barley <i>mlo</i> Mutants Using a PDS-1000/He Hepta System /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2658.pdf Literature PDF Application Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Single-Cell Complementation of Barley <i>mlo</i> Mutants Using a PDS-1000/He Hepta System Life Science 2658 PDS1000He, PDS1000, bulletin 2658, LIT2658 2453 2453 Optimization of Gene Delivery Into Arabidopsis, Tobacco, and Birch Using the Helios Gene Gun System /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2453.pdf Literature PDF Application Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Optimization of Gene Delivery Into Arabidopsis, Tobacco, and Birch Using the Helios Gene Gun System Life Science 2453 bombard, biolistic particle delivery, microprojectile, transformation, LIT2453 1688 Optimization of Biolistic<sup>®</sup> Transformation Using the Helium-Driven PDS-1000/He System 1688 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_1688.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Optimization of Biolistic Transformation Using the Helium-Driven PDS-1000/He System 1688 lit1688, bulletin 1688, biolistic, particle delivery, gene delivery, gene transfer, 165-2257, 165-2258, 165-2225, 165-2259, 1652257, 1652258, 1652225, 1652259 1689 Comparison of Performance Characteristics of Different Biolistic<sup>®</sup> Devices 1689 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_1689.pdf Literature PDF Articles_and_Whitepapers /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Comparison of Performance Characteristics of Different Biolistic<sup>®<sup> Devices 1689 lit1689, bulletin 1689, bombard, pds-1000/he, biolistic, particle delivery, 165-2411, 165-2431, 165-2451, 165-2257, 165-2258, 165-2225, 165-2259, 1652411, 1652431, 1652451, 1652257, 1652258, 1652225, 1652259 2768 2768 Biolistic Gene Transfer to Generate Transgenic Schistosomes, Rev A /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2768.pdf Literature PDF Application Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Biolistic Gene Transfer to Generate Transgenic Schistosomes, Rev A Life Science 2768 bulletin 2768, gene gun, LIT2768 2433 2433 Transformation of Nematodes With the Helios Gene Gun /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2433.pdf Literature PDF Application Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Transformation of Nematodes With the Helios Gene Gun Life Science 2433 biolistic particle delivery, bombard, bulletin 2433, gene transfer, LIT2433 2552 2552 The Gene Gun: Current Applications in Cutaneous Gene Therapy, Rev A /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2552.pdf Literature PDF Application Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No The Gene Gun: Current Applications in Cutaneous Gene Therapy, Rev A Life Science 2552 vaccination, biolistic particle delivery, helios biolistics, LIT2552, bulletin 2552, helios 2453 2531 Inoculation of Viral RNA and cDNA to Potato and Tobacco Plants Using the Helios Gene Gun 2531 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2531.pdf Literature PDF /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Inoculation of Viral RNA and cDNA to Potato and Tobacco Plants Using the Helios Gene Gun 2531 transfer, bombardment, biolistic particle delivery, LIT2531, transformation, bulletin 2531 2410 Detection of Reporter Gene Activity in Cell Cultures and Murine Epidermis After Helios<sup>®</sup> Gene Gun-Mediated Particle Bombardment, Rev B 2410 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2410.pdf Literature PDF Manuals_and_Quick_Guides /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif Detection of Reporter Gene Activity in Cell Cultures and Murine Epidermis After Helios Gene Gun-Mediated Particle Bombardment No Detection of Reporter Gene Activity in Cell Cultures and Murine Epidermis After Helios Gene Gun-Mediated Particle Bombardment 2410 helios, helium, biolistic, biolistics, gene gun, projectile, microprojectile, microparticle, transfection, transformation, 165-2411, 165-2431, 165-2451, 1652411, 1652431, 1652451 2726 Delivery of pCMV-S DNA Using the Helios® Gene Gun System Is Superior to Intramuscular Injection in Balb/c Mice 2726 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2726.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif Delivery of pCMV-S DNA Using the Helios® Gene Gun System Is Superior to Intramuscular Injection in Balb/c Mice No Delivery of pCMV-S DNA Using the Helios® Gene Gun System Is Superior to Intramuscular Injection in Balb/c Mice 2726 helios, gene gun, transfection, gene transfer, biolistic, particle delivery, bulletin 2726, lit2726, 125-0224, 1250224 1689 2768 3105 siLentFect Lipid Reagent Flier, Rev B 3105 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_3105B.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No siLentFect Lipid Reagent Flier, Rev B 3105 RNAi, bulletin 3105, LIT3105, Transfection 2873 TransFectin Lipid Reagent Brochure, Rev A 2873 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2873.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No TransFectin Lipid Reagent Brochure, Rev A 2873 LIT2873, gene transfer, bulletin 2873, transfection 2874 TransFectin Lipid Reagent Flier, Rev B 2874 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_2874B.pdf Literature PDF Brochures_and_Specifications /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No TransFectin Lipid Reagent Flier, Rev B 2874 LIT2874, bulletin 2874, Trans-Fectin 5894 3197 Optimization of TransFectin Lipid Reagent-Mediated Transfection for Different Cell Types, Rev A 3197 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_3197.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Optimization of TransFectin Lipid Reagent-Mediated Transfection for Different Cell Types, Rev A 3197 bovine oviductal cells, pmbc, gene transfer, reagent, lipid, transfection, 170-3350, b lymphosarcoma, b-lymphosarcoma, bl3, pmbcs, suspension, 170-3351, optimize, peripheral blood, 170-3352, 1703351, 1703352, betalymphosarcoma, 1703350, adherent, beta-lymphosarcoma, lit3197, lymphocytes, mononuclear, optimal, cpae, endothelial, pulmonary artery, 165-2681, 165-2681B05, 223-9441, 223-9441EDU, 223-9442, HSS-9601, HSS-9641, HSS-9641B04, HSS-9665, hss-9901, MSP-9601, MSP-9605, MSP-9611, MSP-9621, MSP-9631, MSP-9641, MSP-9651, MSP-9661, MSS-9601, MSS-9611, MSS-9631, MSS-9641, 1652681, 1652681B05, 2239441, 2239441EDU, 2239442, HSS9601, HSS9641, HSS9641B04, HSS9665, hss9901, MSP9601, MSP9605, MSP9611, MSP9621, MSP9631, MSP9641, MSP9651, MSP9661, MSS9601, MSS9611, MSS9631, MSS9641 3138_015 3138_015 TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, A459, Lung Carcinoma /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_3138_015.pdf Literature PDF Protocols /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, A459, Lung Carcinoma Life Science 3138_015 170-3351, LIT3138_015, 170-3350, 1703350, adherent, cell culture, a-459, established, 170-3352, 1703351, 1703352, cultured cells, transfection, transformation 3138_005 3138_005 TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Rat, PC12, Pheochromocytoma /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_3138_005.pdf Literature PDF Protocols /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Rat, PC12, Pheochromocytoma Life Science 3138_005 established, pc-12, adherent, cell culture , cultured cells, LIT3138_005, transfection, transformation 3138_009 3138_009 TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, 143B, Bone Marrow Osteosarcoma /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_3138_009.pdf Literature PDF Protocols /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, 143B, Bone Marrow Osteosarcoma Life Science 3138_009 170-3351, 170-3352, 1703351, 1703352, cultured cells, 1703350, adherent, cell culture, 143 b, 170-3350, LIT3138_009, transfection, transformation, established 5226 Highly Efficient Transfection of Mouse ES Cells With TransFectin Lipid Reagent 5226 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5226.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Highly Efficient Transfection of Mouse ES Cells With TransFectin Lipid Reagent 5226 gene transfer, reagent, lipid, transfection, 170-3351, 170-3350, culture, lit5226, cell, mammalian, stem, 1703350, gene transfer, 170-3352, 1703351, 1703352, ambroyic, bulletin 5226, 170-3351, 166-5017, 166-5017EDU, 1665017, 1665017EDU 3138_018 3138_018 TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, HEK 293, Kidney /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_3138_018.pdf Literature PDF Protocols /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, HEK 293, Kidney Life Science 3138_018 established, 170-3351, 170-3350, hek293, 170-3352, 1703351, 1703352, cultured cells, 1703350, adherent, cell culture, LIT3138_018, transfection, transformation 3138_017 3138_017 TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, HEK 293T, Kidney /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_3138_017.pdf Literature PDF Protocols /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, HEK 293T, Kidney Life Science 3138_017 hek293t, 170-3351, 170-3350, 1703350, adherent, cell culture, 293, established, LIT3138_017, 170-3352, 1703351, 1703352, cultured cells, transfection, transformation 5439 Highly Efficient Transfection of a Human Epithelial Cell Line With Chemically Synthesized siRNA Using siLentFECT Lipid Reagent, Rev A 5439 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_5439.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Highly Efficient Transfection of a Human Epithelial Cell Line With Chemically Synthesized siRNA Using siLentFECT Lipid Reagent, Rev A 5439 1703360, electroporate, electroproration, 170-3361, lipid mediated, LIT5439, catalog number 170-3360, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, 170-3362, 1703361, 1703362, rnai, electroporation 5370 Transfection of Caco-2 Cells With siRNA Using the siLentFect Lipid Reagent, Rev A 5370 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/bulletin_5370.pdf Literature PDF Application_Notes /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Transfection of Caco-2 Cells With siRNA Using the siLentFect Lipid Reagent, Rev A 5370 1703360, siRNAi, LIT5370, 170-3362, 170-3361, caco-2, caco2, 1703361, 1703362, bulletin5370, 170-3360, silentfect 5807 Beta-Actin Gene Silencing via siRNA and Its Effects on Protein Profiles (Poster), Rev B 5807 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/BULLETIN_5807.PDF Literature PDF Scientific_Posters /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Beta-Actin Gene Silencing via siRNA and Its Effects on Protein Profiles (Poster), Rev B 5807 LIT5807, 5808 Novel Uses of Microarrays in Detecting Gene Silencing (Poster), Rev A 5808 /webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/BULLETIN_5808.pdf Literature PDF Scientific_Posters /webroot/web/images/general/icons/icon_pdf.gif No Novel Uses of Microarrays in Detecting Gene Silencing (Poster), Rev A 5808 , LIT5808 5894 Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Electroporation/Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation Systems ->MT::b1a35eb3-d55c-47b3-aaf3-95e4d1d85848##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Electroporation/Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System ->MT::fae0f825-da45-4b02-aa33-73781dda6171##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Electroporation/MicroPulser Electroporator ->MT::83527990-34fb-4b33-b955-ca53b57bf8b9##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems/Helios Gene Gun Systems ->MT::42e9d6be-369a-49f8-8fbb-281a0fea6df8##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems/PDS-1000 | He and Hepta Systems ->MT::1730e08d-f43a-46ea-b7f3-7b35c04c36eb##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Lipid Transfection/TransFectin Lipid Reagent ->MT::680dace0-c2a1-451c-ba7f-d15a2294aa52##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Lipid Transfection/siLentFect Lipid Reagent for RNAi ->MT::6860e063-0049-4607-95f9-03cae130b221## Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/Cell Counting Methods ->MTS::LUSOLB470##Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/qPCR|Real-Time PCR ->MTS::LUSO4W8UU##Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/PCR ->MTS::LUSNYI15##Life Science Research/Solutions/Applications/Genomics/Nucleic Acid Analysis ->MTS::LUSNPJ7OP##Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/Imaging and Analysis ->MTS::LUSQC6MNI## Eddie C Introduction to Transfection <p>Information and tips on electroporation, viral transfection vector, lipofection, and biolistics transformation for planning and selecting the appropriate transfection method.</p> 12/28/11 02:51 PM 12/28/21 03:02 PM AE,AI,AL,AM,AR,AT,AU,AZ,BA,BD,BE,BF,BG,BH,BN,BO,BR,BW,CA,CH,CL,CM,CN,CO,CR,CY,CZ,DE,DK,DO,DZ,EC,EE,EG,EH,ER,ES,ET,FI,FM,FO,FR,GA,GE,GF,GH,GP,GR,GT,GU,HK,HN,HR,HT,HU,ID,IE,IL,IN,IS,IT,JM,JO,JP,KE,KH,KR,KW,KZ,LB,LI,LK,LT,LU,LV,MA,MD,MG,MK,ML,MO,MQ,MS,MT,MU,MX,MY,NG,NI,NL,NO,NP,NZ,OM,PA,PE,PF,PG,PH,PK,PL,PR,PS,PT,PW,PY,QA,RO,RS,RU,SA,SB,SE,SG,SI,SK,SN,ST,SV,TG,TH,TN,TO,TR,TT,TW,TZ,UA,UG,UK,US,UY,UZ,VA,VE,VU,XK,YE,ZA,VN en LSR /LSR/Technologies/Transfection N 0 Instrument-Based Transfection Methods /en-us/applications-technologies/applications-technologies/instrument-based-transfection-methods?ID=LUSONV30E Chemical- and Viral-Based Transfection Methods /en-us/applications-technologies/applications-technologies/chemical-viral-based-transfection-methods?ID=LUSOOP49 Posttransfection Analysis of Cells /en-us/applications-technologies/applications-technologies/posttransfection-analysis-cells?ID=LUSOPS84 Technologies /en-us/applications-technologies/applications-technologies/introduction-transfection?ID=LUSLZJC4S

Applications & Technologies
- Introduction to Transfection

Transfection generally refers to the introduction of foreign DNA into bacterial and/or mammalian cells. Transfection is an important tool used in studies investigating gene function and the modulation of gene expression, thus contributing to the advancement of basic cellular research, drug discovery, and target validation. This section provides an overview of different transfection methods, transfection workflow, factors affecting transfection efficient, and protocols.

Transfection Methods

Transfection can be accomplished using chemical, biological, or physical methods. Common methods include electroporation, the use of a virus vector, lipofection, and biolistics. Many types of genetic material, including plasmid DNA, siRNA, proteins, dyes, and antibodies, may be transfected using any of these methods. However, a single method cannot be applied to all types of cells; transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicity may vary dramatically and depend on the method, cell type being utilized, and types of experiments being performed. Therefore, to obtain high efficiencies, all relevant factors should be considered for planning and selecting the appropriate transfection method.

Method	Function	Recommended Cells	Products
Electroporation	Nucleic acids or other molecules are introduced into cells by creating transient pores in the plasma membrane using an electric pulse	Eukaryotic cells (primary, stem cells), prokaryotic cells (bacteria, yeast), plant protoplasts	Gene Pulser Xcell™ electroporation system Gene Pulser MXcell™ electroporation system MicroPulser™ electroporator
Lipid-mediated	Uses lipids to cause a cell to absorb nucleic acids; transfer of genetic material into the cell takes place via liposomes, which are vesicles that can merge with the cell membrane	Immortal cells, adherent (attached), or suspension cells	TransFectin lipid reagent SiLentFect lipid reagent
Biolistic particle delivery	Delivery of nucleic acids into cells via high velocity nucleic acid-coated microparticles	Plant, primary cells, tissue, and in vivo applications	Helios™ gene gun PDS-1000/He™ biolistic particle delivery system
Viral vector (for example, retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated viruses)	Uses viral vectors to deliver nucleic acids into cells	Attached adherent cells, stem cells, primary cells

Transfection Efficiency

Successful transfection is usually measured in terms of transfection efficiency and cell viability — the higher the efficiency and viability, the better the transfection. Several important factors, such as the DNA quantity and quality, cell type, cell health, and transfection method (as stated above) affect transfection results. Transfection efficiency, for example, varies greatly with the cell type and its physiological condition prior to transfection. Ideally, the cells should be actively growing, healthy, and free of contamination.

Another way to present factors impacting transfection results is to consider the entire transfection workflow and the series of key sub-experiments it comprises. Each sub-experiment can significantly affect efficiency and viability. The typical workflow for a transfection experiment is as follows:

Transfection Workflow

Typical workflow for a transfection experiment.

The following table summarizes the factors to consider for efficient transfection:

Cell Health	Cells should be grown in medium appropriate for the cell line, supplemented with serum or growth factors as needed for viability Contaminated cells and media (e.g., contaminated with yeast or Mycoplasma) should never be used for transfection Make sure the medium is fresh if any components are chemically unstable, e.g., thiamine Medium lacking necessary factors, such as serum, can negatively affect cell growth Incubate cells at 37°C supplied with CO₂ at the correct percentage (5–10%) and kept at 100% relative humidity
Confluency	Transfect cells at 40–80% confluency (cell type dependent) Too few cells will cause cell cultures to grow poorly without cell-to-cell contact Too many cells results in contact inhibition, making cells resistant to the uptake of DNA and other macromolecules Actively dividing cells take up DNA better than quiescent cells
Passages of DNA	Number of Passages (cell type dependent) Number of passages should be low (<50) Number of passages for cells used in a variety of experiments should be consistent Cell characteristics can change over time with immortalized cell lines and cells may not respond to the same transfection conditions. Cells may not respond to the same transfection conditions after repeated passages DNA Quality and Quantity Use high-quality plasmid DNA for transfections that is free of proteins, RNA, and chemicals DNA is typically suspended in sterile water or TE buffer to a final concentration of 0.2–1 mg/ml The optimal amount of DNA to use in the transfection will vary widely and depend on the type of DNA, transfection reagent/method, target cell line, and number of cells
Time/Serum	Time Optimal transfection time depends on the cell line, transfection method, and molecule transfected Transfection times vary from 30 min to 4 hr (or may require overnight incubation based on the reagent used); some reagents do not require either media changes or additions Cell morphology is monitored during the transfection interval because some cell lines lose viability during this period, e.g., cells maintained in serum-free medium In addition to saving time, a shortened transfection time may significantly reduce the risk of cell death during the transfection procedure Serum Transfection protocols often require serum-free conditions for optimal performance because serum can interfere with many commercially available transfection reagents

Transfection Protocol Library

The transfection protocol online library contains protocols obtained from the literature, developed by Bio-Rad scientists, or submitted by scientists like you. Browse protocols to view our library and find your starting point or submit a protocol by clicking the proper technology.

Related Content

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation
This video protocol describes the preparation of primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow for electroporation.

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System to Transfect Primary Cells with High Efficiency

Preparation of Gene Gun Bullets and Biolistic Transfection of Neurons in Slice Culture

Gene Pulser Xcell™ Electroporation System: Components, Application, and Troubleshooting
This tutorial highlights the main components and features of the Gene Pulser Xcell system. It provides information about system installation and the setup of electroporation experiments, including important troubleshooting tips and answers to frequently asked questions. Ordering information for system components and accessories is also provided.

Number	Description	Download
5448	MicroPulser Electroporator Flier, Rev A	Click to download
5542	Electroporation Systems Brochure, Rev A	Click to download
5582	Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer Product Information Sheet, Rev A	Click to download
5399	Gene Pulser siRNA Electroporation References, Rev A	Click to download
5445	Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System Flier, Rev A	Click to download
5598	Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Flier, Rev B	Click to download
1908	Electroporation Cuvette Flier, Rev B	Click to download
5553	Gene Modulation Workflow Brochure, Rev B	Click to download
5554	Gene Silencing \| RNAi Workflow Brochure, Rev B	Click to download
5924	Stem Cell Basics for Life Science Researchers Brochure, Rev A	Click to download
1349	Electroporation of T-Cell and Macrophage Cell Lines	Click to download
1365	Introducing Proteins Into Cells by Electroporation	Click to download
1345	Electroporation of Primary Bone Marrow Cells	Click to download
1355	Production of Hybridomas by Electrofusion	Click to download
5858	The Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Provides Reproducible Results in Electroporation Plates and Cuvettes With the Same Protocol, Rev A	Click to download
5641	The Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System Delivers Consistent Results Required for Optimizing Delivery Protocols, Rev A	Click to download
5603	Optimization of Electroporation Using Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer and the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5622	Optimization of Electroporation Conditions With the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5686	Optimization of Electroporation Conditions for Jurkat Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5687	Transfection of Mammalian Cells Using Preset Protocols on the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5720	Transfection of Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5704	Electroporation Conditions for Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5733	Transfection of Chinese Hamster Ovary-Derived DG44 Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5774	Delivery of siRNA by Electroporation Into Primary Human Neutrophils Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev A	Click to download
5778	Electroporation Parameters for Transfection of HL-60 Leukocytic Cell Line With siRNA Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev B	Click to download
5823	Electroporation of Primary Murine Mast Cells Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5842	Optimization of Electroporation Conditions for Two Different Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines Using the Gene Pulser MXcell System, Rev B	Click to download
5860	Analysis of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells by siRNA Transfection: An Example of Pathway Analysis Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System, Rev A	Click to download
5904	Transfection of Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Electroporation Using the Gene Pulser Mxcell™ System, Rev A	Click to download
5443	Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems Brochure, Rev A	Click to download
5447	Biolistic PDS-1000/He System Flier, Rev A	Click to download
5446	Helios Gene Gun System Flier, Rev A	Click to download
2051	Transformation of Filamentous Fungi by Microprojectile Bombardment	Click to download
2015	Sub-Micron Gold Particles Are Superior to Larger Particles for Efficient Biolistic Transformation of Organelles and Some Cell Types	Click to download
2007	Bombardment-Mediated Transformation Methods for Barley	Click to download
2087	Biolistic Transfection of Organotypic Brain Slices and Dissociated Cells	Click to download
2658	Single-Cell Complementation of Barley mlo Mutants Using a PDS-1000/He Hepta System	Click to download
2453	Optimization of Gene Delivery Into Arabidopsis, Tobacco, and Birch Using the Helios Gene Gun System	Click to download
1688	Optimization of Biolistic^® Transformation Using the Helium-Driven PDS-1000/He System	Click to download
1689	Comparison of Performance Characteristics of Different Biolistic^® Devices	Click to download
2768	Biolistic Gene Transfer to Generate Transgenic Schistosomes, Rev A	Click to download
2433	Transformation of Nematodes With the Helios Gene Gun	Click to download
2552	The Gene Gun: Current Applications in Cutaneous Gene Therapy, Rev A	Click to download
2531	Inoculation of Viral RNA and cDNA to Potato and Tobacco Plants Using the Helios Gene Gun	Click to download
2410	Detection of Reporter Gene Activity in Cell Cultures and Murine Epidermis After Helios^® Gene Gun-Mediated Particle Bombardment, Rev B	Click to download
2726	Delivery of pCMV-S DNA Using the Helios® Gene Gun System Is Superior to Intramuscular Injection in Balb/c Mice	Click to download
3105	siLentFect Lipid Reagent Flier, Rev B	Click to download
2873	TransFectin Lipid Reagent Brochure, Rev A	Click to download
2874	TransFectin Lipid Reagent Flier, Rev B	Click to download
3197	Optimization of TransFectin Lipid Reagent-Mediated Transfection for Different Cell Types, Rev A	Click to download
3138_015	TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, A459, Lung Carcinoma	Click to download
3138_005	TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Rat, PC12, Pheochromocytoma	Click to download
3138_009	TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, 143B, Bone Marrow Osteosarcoma	Click to download
5226	Highly Efficient Transfection of Mouse ES Cells With TransFectin Lipid Reagent	Click to download
3138_018	TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, HEK 293, Kidney	Click to download
3138_017	TransFectin Lipid Reagent Protocol, Human, HEK 293T, Kidney	Click to download
5439	Highly Efficient Transfection of a Human Epithelial Cell Line With Chemically Synthesized siRNA Using siLentFECT Lipid Reagent, Rev A	Click to download
5370	Transfection of Caco-2 Cells With siRNA Using the siLentFect Lipid Reagent, Rev A	Click to download
5807	Beta-Actin Gene Silencing via siRNA and Its Effects on Protein Profiles (Poster), Rev B	Click to download
5808	Novel Uses of Microarrays in Detecting Gene Silencing (Poster), Rev A	Click to download

6176	Electroporation Systems Overview	Click to download
6177	Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems	Click to download
6178	Recommended Biolistic System by Cell Types	Click to download
6179	Lipid Transfection Reagents Selection Guide	Click to download

Related Technologies

Cell Counting Methods

qPCR|Real-Time PCR

Nucleic Acid Analysis

Imaging and Analysis

LUSONCB9O [x-forwarded-proto] = [https] [x-forwarded-port] = [443] [x-forwarded-for] = [3.83.42.84, 10.232.18.191] [accept] = [*/*] [seourl] = [/en-us/applications-technologies/experion-automated-electrophoresis-system] [x-amzn-trace-id] = [Root=1-5d8f3ad9-34466e760f88881685b2af78] [x-forwarded-server] = [lsds-prod-s.br.aws-livesite.io] [x-forwarded-host] = [www.bio-rad.com] [x-query-string] = [ID=LUSONCB9O] [host] = [10.232.0.21:1776] [x-request-uri] = [/en-us/applications-technologies/experion-automated-electrophoresis-system] [connection] = [Keep-Alive] [accept-encoding] = [gzip, deflate] [user-agent] = [rogerbot/1.2 (https://moz.com/help/guides/moz-procedures/what-is-rogerbot, rogerbot-crawler+aardwolf-production-crawler-69@moz.com)] AppTech/AppTechDetails pageStyleKey internet/solutions_sub applications-technologies/experion-automated-electrophoresis-system LSR LUSONCB9O Transfection Introduction to Transfection /webroot/web/html/lsr/solutions/technologies/transfection /webroot/web/images/lsr/solutions/technologies/gene_expression/transfection/technology_detail/solutions_feature_gxt4_transfection.jpg /webroot/web/images/lsr/solutions/technologies/gene_expression/technology_thumb/cat_gxt4_transfection_icon.jpg <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ if ($.browser.msie && $.browser.version < 8) {$("div.methodboxmiddle ul.rightarrowsearch1").css({"margin-left":"-5px"});} // ]]></script> <p>Transfection generally refers to the introduction of foreign DNA into bacterial and/or mammalian cells. Transfection is an important tool used in studies investigating gene function and the modulation of gene expression, thus contributing to the advancement of basic cellular research, drug discovery, and target validation. This section provides an overview of different transfection methods, transfection workflow, factors affecting transfection efficient, and protocols.</p> <p><strong>Related Topics</strong>: <a href="/evportal/destination/solutions?catID=LUSOPS84">Posttransfection Analysis of Cells</a>, <a href="/evportal/destination/solutions?catID=LUSONV30E">Instrument-Based Transfection Methods</a>, and <a href="/evportal/destination/solutions?catID=LUSOOP49">Chemical and Viral Transfection</a>.</p> Transfection Methods <p>Transfection can be accomplished using chemical, biological, or physical methods. Common methods include electroporation, the use of a virus vector, lipofection, and biolistics. Many types of genetic material, including plasmid DNA, siRNA, proteins, dyes, and antibodies, may be transfected using any of these methods. However, a single method cannot be applied to all types of cells; transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicity may vary dramatically and depend on the method, cell type being utilized, and types of experiments being performed. Therefore, to obtain high efficiencies, all relevant factors should be considered for planning and selecting the appropriate transfection method.</p> <table class="pd_table pd_gridlines txttop" border="0"> <tbody> <tr class="pd_colorbackground"> <td><strong>Method</strong></td> <td><strong>Function</strong></td> <td><strong>Recommended Cells</strong></td> <td><strong>Products</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Electroporation</td> <td>Nucleic acids or other molecules are introduced into cells by creating transient pores in the plasma membrane using an electric pulse</td> <td>Eukaryotic cells (primary, stem cells), prokaryotic cells (bacteria, yeast), plant protoplasts</td> <td><a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=b1a35eb3-d55c-47b3-aaf3-95e4d1d85848">Gene Pulser Xcell™ electroporation system</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=fae0f825-da45-4b02-aa33-73781dda6171">Gene Pulser MXcell™ electroporation system</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=83527990-34fb-4b33-b955-ca53b57bf8b9">MicroPulser™ electroporator</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lipid-mediated</td> <td>Uses lipids to cause a cell to absorb nucleic acids; transfer of genetic material into the cell takes place via liposomes, which are vesicles that can merge with the cell membrane</td> <td>Immortal cells, adherent (attached), or suspension cells</td> <td><a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=680dace0-c2a1-451c-ba7f-d15a2294aa52">TransFectin lipid reagent</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=6860e063-0049-4607-95f9-03cae130b221">SiLentFect lipid reagent</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Biolistic particle delivery</td> <td>Delivery of nucleic acids into cells via high velocity nucleic acid-coated microparticles</td> <td>Plant, primary cells, tissue, and in vivo applications</td> <td><a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=42e9d6be-369a-49f8-8fbb-281a0fea6df8">Helios™ gene gun</a> <br /><br /> <a href="http://www.bio-rad.com/evportal/destination/commerce/product_detail?catID=1730e08d-f43a-46ea-b7f3-7b35c04c36eb">PDS-1000/He™ biolistic particle delivery system</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Viral vector (for example, retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated viruses)</td> <td>Uses viral vectors to deliver nucleic acids into cells</td> <td>Attached adherent cells, stem cells, primary cells</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Transfection Efficiency <p>Successful transfection is usually measured in terms of transfection efficiency and cell viability — the higher the efficiency and viability, the better the transfection. Several important factors, such as the DNA quantity and quality, cell type, cell health, and transfection method (as stated above) affect transfection results. Transfection efficiency, for example, varies greatly with the cell type and its physiological condition prior to transfection. Ideally, the cells should be actively growing, healthy, and free of contamination.</p> <p>Another way to present factors impacting transfection results is to consider the entire transfection workflow and the series of key sub-experiments it comprises. Each sub-experiment can significantly affect efficiency and viability. The typical workflow for a transfection experiment is as follows:</p> <p><img src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/solutions/technologies/gene_expression/transfection/technology_detail/gxt4_img1.gif" alt="Transfection Workflow" width="580" height="338" /></p> <p class="caption"><strong>Typical workflow for a transfection experiment.</strong></p> <p>The following table summarizes the factors to consider for efficient transfection:</p> <table class="pd_table pd_gridlines" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td>Cell Health</td> <td> <p>Cells should be grown in medium appropriate for the cell line, supplemented with serum or growth factors as needed for viability</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Contaminated cells and media (e.g., contaminated with yeast or Mycoplasma) should never be used for transfection</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Make sure the medium is fresh if any components are chemically unstable, e.g., thiamine</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Medium lacking necessary factors, such as serum, can negatively affect cell growth</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Incubate cells at 37°C supplied with CO<sub>2</sub> at the correct percentage (5–10%) and kept at 100% relative humidity</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Confluency</td> <td> <p>Transfect cells at 40–80% confluency (cell type dependent)</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Too few cells will cause cell cultures to grow poorly without cell-to-cell contact</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Too many cells results in contact inhibition, making cells resistant to the uptake of DNA and other macromolecules</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Actively dividing cells take up DNA better than quiescent cells</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Passages of DNA</td> <td> <p>Number of Passages (cell type dependent)</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Number of passages should be low (<50)</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Number of passages for cells used in a variety of experiments should be consistent</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Cell characteristics can change over time with immortalized cell lines and cells may not respond to the same transfection conditions.</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Cells may not respond to the same transfection conditions after repeated passages</li> </ul> <p>DNA Quality and Quantity</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Use high-quality plasmid DNA for transfections that is free of proteins, RNA, and chemicals</li> <li style="border: 0px;">DNA is typically suspended in sterile water or TE buffer to a final concentration of 0.2–1 mg/ml</li> <li style="border: 0px;">The optimal amount of DNA to use in the transfection will vary widely and depend on the type of DNA, transfection reagent/method, target cell line, and number of cells</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Time/Serum</td> <td> <p>Time</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Optimal transfection time depends on the cell line, transfection method, and molecule transfected</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Transfection times vary from 30 min to 4 hr (or may require overnight incubation based on the reagent used); some reagents do not require either media changes or additions</li> <li style="border: 0px;">Cell morphology is monitored during the transfection interval because some cell lines lose viability during this period, e.g., cells maintained in serum-free medium</li> <li style="border: 0px;">In addition to saving time, a shortened transfection time may significantly reduce the risk of cell death during the transfection procedure</li> </ul> <p>Serum</p> <ul> <li style="border: 0px;">Transfection protocols often require serum-free conditions for optimal performance because serum can interfere with many commercially available transfection reagents</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Transfection Protocol Library <p> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ // popupwin function popIt(url,w,h,r){ var mydate = new Date(); wname=''+mydate.getMonth()+mydate.getDate()+mydate.getHours()+mydate.getMinutes()+mydate.getSeconds(); if (w && h && r) { popwin = window.open(url,"popwin"+wname,"height="+h+",width="+w+",status=1,scrollbars=1,location=1,menubar=1,resizable"); } else { popwin = window.open(url,"popwin"+wname,"height="+h+",width="+w+",status=1,scrollbars=1,location=0,resizable"); } } // ]]></script> </p> <p>The transfection protocol online library contains protocols obtained from the literature, developed by Bio-Rad scientists, or submitted by scientists like you. <a onclick="popIt('http://www.bio-rad.com/genetransferprotocols',1300,700);return false" href="#" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Browse protocols</a> to view our library and find your starting point or submit a protocol by clicking the proper technology.</p> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Further Reading <p><strong></strong>Belyansteva IA (2009). Helios Gene Gun-mediated transfection of the inner ear sensory epithelium. Methods Mol Biol 493, 103–123. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18839344" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18839344</a></p> <p>Fujiki R et al. (2009). GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. Nature 459, 455–459. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377461" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">19377461</a></p> <p>Helledie T et al. (2008). A simple and reliable electroporation method for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 17, 837–848. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752428" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18752428</a></p> <p>Hockemeyer D et al. (2009). Efficient targeting of expressed and silent genes in human ESCs and iPSCs using zinc-finger nucleases. Nat Biotechnol  27, 851–857. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19680244" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">19680244</a></p> <p>Huang B et al. (2008). RNA interference-mediated in vivo silencing of fas ligand as a strategy for the enhancement of DNA vaccine potency. Hum Gene Ther 19, 763–773. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627219" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18627219</a></p> <p>Shimamura K et al. (2007). Generation of secondary small interfering RNA in cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous RNA silencing in tobacco. Plant Mol Biol  63, 803–813. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17225952" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">17225952</a></p> <p>Su L et al. (2009). Neural stem cell differentiation is mediated by integrin beta4 in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41, 916–924. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18834954" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">18834954</a></p> <p>Tseng CN et al. (2013). A method to identify RNA A-to-I editing targets using I-specific cleavage and exon array analysis. Mol Cell Probes 7, 38–45. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960667" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">22960667</a></p> <div class="top"><a href="#helptop">Back to Top</a></div> Selection Guides <table id="carttablealigned" class="literature_table" style="height: auto; width: 583px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100">6176</td> <td width="350">Electroporation Systems Overview</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6176.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100">6177</td> <td width="350">Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6177.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100">6178</td> <td width="350">Recommended Biolistic System by Cell Types</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6178.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100">6179</td> <td width="350">Lipid Transfection Reagents Selection Guide</td> <td class="pdf"><a class="pdf" href="/webroot/web/pdf/lsr/literature/Bulletin_6179.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span>Click to download</span></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Primary Cell Culture" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1026/the-preparation-of-primary-hematopoietic-cell-cultures-from-murine-bone-marrow-for-electroporation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/ov_primary_cell_culture.jpg" alt="Primary Cell Culture" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Primary Cell Culture" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1026/the-preparation-of-primary-hematopoietic-cell-cultures-from-murine-bone-marrow-for-electroporation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation</a><br />This video protocol describes the preparation of primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow for electroporation.</div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Cell Counting and Transfection" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1904/using-an-automated-cell-counter-to-simplify-gene-expression-studies-sirna-knockdown-of-il-4-dependent-gene-expression-in-namalwa-cells" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/ov_cell_counting_transfection.jpg" alt="Cell Counting and Transfection" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Cell Counting and Transfection" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1904/using-an-automated-cell-counter-to-simplify-gene-expression-studies-sirna-knockdown-of-il-4-dependent-gene-expression-in-namalwa-cells" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells</a></div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Gene Pulser MXcell" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1662/using-the-gene-pulser-mxcell-electroporation-system-to-transfect-primary-cells-with-high-efficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/ov_gene_pulser_mxcell.jpg" alt="Gene Pulser MXcell" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Gene Pulser MXcell" href="http://www.jove.com/video/1662/using-the-gene-pulser-mxcell-electroporation-system-to-transfect-primary-cells-with-high-efficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System to Transfect Primary Cells with High Efficiency</a></div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Helios Gene Gun" href="http://www.jove.com/Details.stp?ID=675" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img style="border: none;" src="/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/helios_gene_gun.jpg" alt="Helios Gene Gun" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Helios Gene Gun" href="http://www.jove.com/Details.stp?ID=675" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preparation of Gene Gun Bullets and Biolistic Transfection of Neurons in Slice Culture</a></div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="videowrap vwrap_last"> <div class="videoImg"><a title="Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System: Components, Application, and Troubleshooting" onclick="window.open('/webroot/web/movies/lsr/support/Gene_Pulser_Xcell.htm', 'StatusBar', 'toolbar=no, resizable=no, scrollbars=no, width=810, height=575');" href="javascript:void(0);"><img style="border: none;" src="https://www.bio-rad.com/webroot/web/images/lsr/support/tutorials/global/xcell_tn.png" alt="" /></a></div> <div class="videoDesc"><a title="Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System: Components, Application, and Troubleshooting" onclick="window.open('/webroot/web/movies/lsr/support/Gene_Pulser_Xcell.htm', 'StatusBar', 'toolbar=no, resizable=no, scrollbars=no, width=810, height=575');" href="javascript:void(0);">Gene Pulser Xcell™ Electroporation System: Components, Application, and Troubleshooting</a><br /> This tutorial highlights the main components and features of the Gene Pulser Xcell system. It provides information about system installation and the setup of electroporation experiments, including important troubleshooting tips and answers to frequently asked questions. Ordering information for system components and accessories is also provided.</div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> 5448 5542 5582 5399 5445 5598 1908 5553 5554 5924 1349 1365 1345 1355 1345 1349 5542 5858 5641 5603 5622 5686 5687 5720 5704 5733 5774 5778 5823 5842 5684 0108 5860 5904 2497 5443 5447 5446 2051 2015 2007 2087 2658 2453 1688 1689 2768 2433 2552 2453 2531 2410 2726 1689 2768 3105 2873 2874 5894 3197 3138_015 3138_005 3138_009 5226 3138_018 3138_017 5439 5370 5807 5808 5894 Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Electroporation/Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation Systems ->MT::b1a35eb3-d55c-47b3-aaf3-95e4d1d85848##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Electroporation/Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System ->MT::fae0f825-da45-4b02-aa33-73781dda6171##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Electroporation/MicroPulser Electroporator ->MT::83527990-34fb-4b33-b955-ca53b57bf8b9##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems/Helios Gene Gun Systems ->MT::42e9d6be-369a-49f8-8fbb-281a0fea6df8##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Biolistic Particle Delivery Systems/PDS-1000 | He and Hepta Systems ->MT::1730e08d-f43a-46ea-b7f3-7b35c04c36eb##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Lipid Transfection/TransFectin Lipid Reagent ->MT::680dace0-c2a1-451c-ba7f-d15a2294aa52##Life Science Research/Products/Transfection/Lipid Transfection/siLentFect Lipid Reagent for RNAi ->MT::6860e063-0049-4607-95f9-03cae130b221## Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/Cell Counting Methods ->MTS::LUSOLB470##Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/qPCR|Real-Time PCR ->MTS::LUSO4W8UU##Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/PCR ->MTS::LUSNYI15##Life Science Research/Solutions/Applications/Genomics/Nucleic Acid Analysis ->MTS::LUSNPJ7OP##Life Science Research/Solutions/Technologies/Imaging and Analysis ->MTS::LUSQC6MNI## Eddie C Introduction to Transfection <p>Information and tips on electroporation, viral transfection vector, lipofection, and biolistics transformation for planning and selecting the appropriate transfection method.</p> 12/28/11 02:51 PM 12/28/21 03:02 PM AE,AI,AL,AM,AR,AT,AU,AZ,BA,BD,BE,BF,BG,BH,BN,BO,BR,BW,CA,CH,CL,CM,CN,CO,CR,CY,CZ,DE,DK,DO,DZ,EC,EE,EG,EH,ER,ES,ET,FI,FM,FO,FR,GA,GE,GF,GH,GP,GR,GT,GU,HK,HN,HR,HT,HU,ID,IE,IL,IN,IS,IT,JM,JO,JP,KE,KH,KR,KW,KZ,LB,LI,LK,LT,LU,LV,MA,MD,MG,MK,ML,MO,MQ,MS,MT,MU,MX,MY,NG,NI,NL,NO,NP,NZ,OM,PA,PE,PF,PG,PH,PK,PL,PR,PS,PT,PW,PY,QA,RO,RS,RU,SA,SB,SE,SG,SI,SK,SN,ST,SV,TG,TH,TN,TO,TR,TT,TW,TZ,UA,UG,UK,US,UY,UZ,VA,VE,VU,XK,YE,ZA,VN en LSR /LSR/Technologies/Transfection N 0

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