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Liquid biopsy is beginning to bring the power of non-invasive, highly sensitive, near real-time monitoring of treatment response to solid tumors as well. For example, in a recent study, investigators monitored a single patient with metastatic ER-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer receiving two lines of targeted therapy over 3 years. Their analysis showed that serial changes in circulating levels of subclonal mutations correlated with different responses to treatment between metastases, providing valuable information to guide treatment decisions.