Development - S1P1 receptor signaling via beta-arrestin

S1P1 receptor signaling via beta-arrestin

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, also known as S1P1 receptor is a high affinity receptor for the bioactive lipid (2S,3R,4E)-Sphingosine 1-phosphate [1], [2]. Although the S1P1 receptor expression is very abundant in endothelial cells, transcripts related to S1P1 receptor are also detected at lower levels in vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, melanocytes, cells of epithelioid origin, brain [3], alveolar macrophages [4], cardiovascular tissues [5], natural killer cells and T cells [6].

S1P1 receptoris a G-protein coupled receptor which interacts with Guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha inhibiting G-protein alpha-i1, G-protein alpha-i2 and G-protein alpha-i3 and Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha activating G-protein alpha-o [7], [8].

Endocytosis of G-protein-coupled receptor signal complexes is required for activation of ERK1/2. Beta-arrestin1 is recruited to ligand-bound S1P1 receptor phosphorylated by GRK2. Beta-arrestin1 binds to Clathrin and activates Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [9].

c-Src is recruited to the PDGF-R-beta/ S1P1 receptor receptor complex. The recruited c-Src catalyses tyrosine phosphorylation of GAB1 and promotes accumulation of Dynamin-2 via GRB2. GAB1/ GRB2 complex activates. Active c-Src also promotes formation of GAB1/ GRB2/ PI3K cat class IA (p110-alpha) complex leading to activation of PI3K pathway and endocytosis of S1P1 receptor receptor [10], [11], [12], [13].

GRB2 activates H-Ras probably by SOS.

PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 possibly mediates SOS and GAB1 translocation to the plasma membrane.

H-Ras activates c-Raf-1 and triggers ERK1/2 activation through MEK1(MAP2K1) and MEK2(MAP2K2) [1], [7], [14], [15]. This leads to activation of ERK1/2 downstream targets including p90Rsk, p70 S6 kinase2 [16]. Activation of p70 S6 kinase2 presumably occurs via Tuberin/ mTOR pathway [17].

Activation of ERK1/2 was shown to mediate (2S,3R,4E)-Sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced endothelial cell survival (see anti-apoptosis [18].

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References

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