| Capture of molecules that have negative surface charges | Q10 | Cationic, quaternary ammonium groups that interact with the negative charges on the surface of target proteins; for example, aspartic or glutamic acid | - Selective analysis of proteins with low pls
- Biomarker discovery
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| Capture of molecules that have positive surface charges | CM10 | Weak anionic carboxylate groups that interact with the positive charges on the surface of the analyte; for example, lysine, arginine, or histidine | - Selective analysis of proteins with high pls
- Biomarker discovery
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| Capture of molecules that bind polyvalent metal ions, such as nickel, copper, zinc, iron, and gallium | IMAC30 | NTA groups that chelate metal ions. Proteins applied to the array surface may bind to the chelated metal ion through histidine, tryptophan, cysteine, and phosphorylated amino acid residues | - Analysis of metal-binding, phosphorylated, or polyhistidine (His)-tagged proteins
- Biomarker discovery
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| Capture of large proteins through hydrophobic or reverse-phase interactions | H50 | Methylene chains that closely mimic the characteristics of C6 to C12 alkyl chromatography media | - Protein profiling
- Purity determination
- Rapid protein analysis
- Calibration with proteins of known MW
- Biomarker discovery
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| Capture of smaller proteins and peptides through hydrophobic and reverse-phase interactions | H4* | Active spots contain chains of 16 methylene groups that bind proteins through reverse-phase chemistry. Binds proteins abundant in alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, or tyrosine | - Purity determination
- Rapid protein/peptide analysis
- Biomarker discovery
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| Analysis of peptides resulting from tryptic digestion of proteins | SEND ID | Chains of 18 methylene groups (C18) that bind peptides through reverse-phase chemistry; matrix is integrated into the array surface | - Peptide mass fingerprinting
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| General protein binding surface; recommended for hydrophilic proteins | NP20 | Silicon dioxide, which allows proteins to bind via serine, threonine, or lysine residues | - Quick protein analysis
- Purity determination
- Verification of the presence or absence of a molecule
- Calibration with peptides or proteins of known MW
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| Covalent immobilization of biomolecules for subsequent specific capture of proteins from complex samples | PS10 | Reactive acyl imidazole moieties | - Analysis of antibody-antigen, receptor-ligand, protein-protein interactions
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| | PS20 | Epoxy groups | |
| | RS100 | Reactive acyl imidazole moieties on a hydrogel backbone | |
| | Au | Gold provides a nonreactive surface for general protein analysis (limited reusability) | - Quick protein analysis
- Calibration with peptides or proteins of known MW
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