Beer's Law and the Bradford Method
Beer's law states that when a solute absorbs light of a particular wavelength, the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of substance in solution. The measurement most commonly used in protein assays is the absorbance of light.However, proteins do not absorb sufficient light to assay — by themselves.
The Bradford method is based on the color development formed when the dye Coomassie Blue G-250 binds to protein. The unique chemical properties of the dye allow it to interact with the side chains, or R-groups, of specific amino acids. There is a correlation between the amount of blue color and the amount of protein in the sample: the more protein, the more intense the blue color. The simplicity of the assay allows the results to be measured qualitatively by eye, or quantitatively with a spectrophotometer.
A qualitative view of a Bradford standard curve.